Exploring a new language through its poetry is a deeply rewarding experience. It allows you to delve into the culture, history, and soul of a nation. Serbian poetry, with its rich heritage, offers a unique window into the Serbian spirit. Two of the most influential poets in Serbian literature are Laza Kostić and Jovan Jovanović Zmaj. This article will guide you through their works, providing insights into their contributions and tips on how to start appreciating and understanding Serbian poetry.
Understanding the Context of Serbian Poetry
Serbian poetry, like many other national literatures, is deeply intertwined with the country’s history and cultural identity. The 19th century, in particular, was a period of great national awakening for Serbia, marked by a renewed interest in folklore, national history, and the quest for independence from the Ottoman Empire. It was during this time that poets like Laza Kostić and Jovan Jovanović Zmaj emerged, using their verses to express the collective aspirations and emotions of their people.
Laza Kostić: The Romantic Visionary
Laza Kostić (1841-1910) is often regarded as one of the greatest Serbian Romantic poets. His work is characterized by its lyrical beauty, philosophical depth, and innovative use of language. Kostić’s poetry reflects his profound intellectualism and his deep emotional sensitivity.
Key Themes and Works
Kostić’s poetry often explores themes of love, nature, and the metaphysical. One of his most famous works, “Santa Maria della Salute,” is a monumental love poem dedicated to his unrequited love for Lenka Dunđerski. The poem blends personal emotion with philosophical contemplation, making it a masterpiece of Serbian literature.
Here is an excerpt from “Santa Maria della Salute”:
> “O, da mi je, kad umrem, da se vratim,
> Al’ ne više u ovaj život isti,
> No da mi se oči u oči zlatim
> S tobom, Lenko, u rajskoj čistini.”
Translation:
> “Oh, if only I could return when I die,
> But not to this same life,
> Rather, to gaze into your golden eyes,
> Lenka, in the purity of paradise.”
Reading Tips for Beginners
1. **Start with Translations**: If you’re new to Serbian, begin by reading translations of Kostić’s poems. This will help you grasp the themes and emotions before tackling the original Serbian text.
2. **Analyze Themes**: Pay attention to recurring themes in Kostić’s poetry, such as love, nature, and existential questions. Understanding these themes will enhance your appreciation of his work.
3. **Listen to Recitations**: Hearing the poems recited in Serbian can help you get a feel for the rhythm, intonation, and musicality of the language.
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj: The People’s Poet
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj (1833-1904), often simply known as Zmaj, is one of the most beloved poets in Serbian literature. His work spans various genres, including lyrical poetry, children’s literature, and satirical verse. Zmaj’s poetry is notable for its accessibility, emotional warmth, and social engagement.
Key Themes and Works
Zmaj’s poetry often reflects his deep empathy for the common people and his commitment to social justice. One of his most famous poems, “Đulići,” is a collection of love poems dedicated to his wife, Ruža. Another significant work is “Đulići Uveoci,” which deals with themes of grief and loss following his wife’s death.
Here is an excerpt from “Đulići”:
> “Sinoć kad se vratih iz topla hamama,
> Prođoh pokraj bašte staroga imama;
> Kad tamo u bašti, u hladu jasmina,
> S ibrikom u ruci stajaše Emina.”
Translation:
> “Last night, as I returned from the warm baths,
> I passed by the garden of the old imam;
> There in the garden, in the shade of jasmine,
> Stood Emina with a pitcher in her hand.”
Reading Tips for Beginners
1. **Focus on Simplicity**: Zmaj’s poems are often simpler and more straightforward than Kostić’s, making them an excellent starting point for beginners.
2. **Explore Children’s Poetry**: Zmaj wrote extensively for children. Reading his children’s poems can be a fun and accessible way to improve your Serbian.
3. **Understand the Historical Context**: Knowing a bit about the social and political context of Zmaj’s time can deepen your understanding of his work. His poems often reflect the struggles and aspirations of the Serbian people during the 19th century.
Steps to Start Appreciating Serbian Poetry
Getting started with Serbian poetry involves a few strategic steps that can help you immerse yourself in the language and its literary tradition.
1. Build a Foundation in Serbian Language
Before diving into poetry, it’s essential to have a basic understanding of the Serbian language. Familiarize yourself with the Cyrillic script, basic grammar rules, and common vocabulary. Online resources, language apps, and beginner textbooks can be incredibly helpful in building this foundation.
2. Read Bilingual Editions
Many of the works of Kostić and Zmaj are available in bilingual editions, where the Serbian text is presented alongside its English translation. This format allows you to compare the original with the translation, helping you understand the nuances of the language and the poet’s stylistic choices.
3. Use Annotated Texts
Annotated texts provide explanations and context for difficult words, phrases, and cultural references. They can be particularly useful for understanding the more complex works of Kostić. Look for editions with scholarly annotations to enhance your reading experience.
4. Join a Reading Group or Forum
Participating in a reading group or online forum dedicated to Serbian literature can provide valuable support and insights. Engaging with other learners and native speakers can help clarify difficult passages and offer different perspectives on the poems.
5. Practice Recitation
Poetry is meant to be heard as well as read. Practice reciting the poems aloud to get a feel for their rhythm, sound patterns, and emotional impact. Listening to recordings of native speakers reciting the poems can also be beneficial.
6. Explore Literary Criticism and Analysis
Reading literary criticism and analysis of Kostić and Zmaj’s works can provide deeper insights into their themes, styles, and historical significance. Look for essays, articles, and books by Serbian literary scholars to enhance your understanding.
Conclusion
Exploring Serbian poetry through the works of Laza Kostić and Jovan Jovanović Zmaj offers a rich and rewarding journey into the heart of Serbian culture and literature. By building a foundation in the Serbian language, starting with translations and bilingual editions, and engaging with literary criticism, you can deepen your appreciation of these remarkable poets. Whether you’re drawn to Kostić’s philosophical depth or Zmaj’s emotional warmth, Serbian poetry has something to offer every reader. Dive in, and let the beauty of Serbian verse enrich your language learning experience.